RenderMan's geometric settings can be set in Katana in several ways. 

Imported Geometric Settings

Many geometric settings come into Katana through the geometry importer (Alembic or USD).  These geometric settings end up under the "geometry" attribute.  These attributes include things that define the geometry (the vertices of a mesh, for example), and arbitrary primitive variables.  The attributes in the geometry group are explicit to the geometry location, so they are not inherited and won't vary per instance.

Read more about primitve variables here:

PrmanObjectStatements

There are two types of geometric settings on PrmanObjectStatements - those that can vary per instance and those that cannot. The attributes under the prmanStatements.attributes group can vary per instance.  These are also known as "instance attributes".  The attributes under prmanStatements.primAttributes cannot vary per instance.  These are also known as "master attributes".  RfK will flatten master attributes onto the geometry locations, so they can be inherited in Katana.

Read about PrmanObjectStatements here:

Scripting in Katana

You can set any of the attributes above via an Op, OpScript, or AttributeSet node.  Along with the attributes exposed in PrmanObjectStatemts, RenderMan also allows users to define their own attributes under the "user" namespace - prmanStatements.attributes.user.

Read more about user attributes here: